ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the neuropharmacological properties of Costus speciosus (C. speciosus) rhizome using different experimental mouse models. Methods: The anxiolytic effect was investigated by hole-board test, elevated plus maze and light/dark test, while central nervous system (CNS) depressant effect was evaluated by thiopental sodium-induced sleep test. Finally, antidepressant effect was evaluated by forced swimming test and tail suspension test. Results: In both elevated plus maze and hole board test, 400 mg/kg C. speciosus showed more significant CNS depressant effect than 1 mg/kg diazepam. Both 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg C. speciosus extract produced a significant dose-dependent decrease in onset of sleep. In forced swimming test, C. speciosus rhizome showed a decrease in duration of immobility in a dose-dependent manner. Imipramine (10 mg/kg) and C. speciosus extract at 400 mg/kg dose exhibited a significant reduction in duration of immobility in tail suspension test which provided additional evidence of antidepressant effect of C. speciosus rhizome. Conclusions: Our study indicates that C. speciosus rhizome possesses CNS depressant, anxiolytic and antidepressant-like activities. Further studies are warranted determine the exact phytoconstituents and mechanism of action responsible for the neuropharmacological effect.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze in-vitro antimicrobial activities of some ethno-pharmacologically significant medicinal plants (methanol extract) against the pathogenic microorganisms (Escherichiacoli, Salmonella spp., Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans).Methods:The disc diffusion method was applied for antibacterial test and the poisoned food technique was applied for antifungal test.Results:The methanol extract of Terminalia chebula (bark), Phyllanthus acidus (fruits), Sarcochlamys pulcherrima (leaves) and Abelmoschus esculentus (fruits) had significant in vitro antibacterial activity angainst the entire test samples in comparison to standard drug ciprofloxacin. Most of the plant extracts showed low activity against Gram negative bacteria while potential activity against Gram positive bacteria. The antifungal activities of methanol extracts of these plants and standard drug griseofulvin were determined against two pathogenic fungi, andPolygonum lapathifolium (leaves) and Cinnamomum tamala (leaves) showed maximum activity, while Erioglossum rubiginosum (leaves) showed no antifungal activity.Conclusions:Further chemical and pharmacological investigations are required to identify and isolate chemical constituents responsible for these potential bioactivities and thus to determine their full spectrum of efficacy.
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to develop a sustained release matrix tablet Metoprolol Succinate by cost saving and production efficient process. Among various tablet manufacturing process, direct compression is the simplest and cost saving process. Different trials were formulated and evaluated using different concentrations of directly compressible grade Kollidon SR as release retardant. The formulated tablets were evaluated for physical and dissolution study using buffer medium. The most outstanding aspect of this study is to monitor the influence of different percentage of Kollidon SR on release rate from the matrix tablet. In this study, influence of different ratio of polymer concentration on drug release was evaluated. The release pattern of different batches were evaluated for Zero order, Higuchi, First order, Krosmeyer-Peppas and Hixson-Crowell kinetics and showed that all the batches followed best the Higuchi kinetics. The drug release kinetics was found to be governed by the amount of the polymer in the matrix system. The higher polymeric content in the matrix decrease the release rate of the drug. The nature of the drug release from the matrix tablets was dependent on drug diffusion and polymer relaxation and therefore followed non-Fickian or anomales release. The studies indicated that the drug release can be modulated by varying the concentration of the polymer. Among the four formulations, formulation 1 is the best formulation as it controls the release best and best linearity for zero order plots.